2018年11月7日 星期三

司馬遷的寫史筆法


 一本不錯的史書,要由一個有病的人寫才有味道,為什麼呢!因為有病的人看到的世界是非常富有自身主觀情緒與想法,並且擁有想像力的,而史書就需要這一點,因為如果史書寫的太客觀與其他史學著作大同小異了話是會使史書失去史學參考價值,然後被世人遺忘的,而如果又是由正常人寫出來更會失去其存在的價值,為什麼呢!因為往往正常人他的心裡是非常正常的,而這一點就會導致這位正常人的價值是世俗性的隨波足流,放在其他地方,這可能是優點,但放在史學上這就是缺點,原因在於史學是講特色與個性的,唯有夠不正常的人才能升任。
中國早期的史學著作都是私修的,也就是自己寫的,而這私修的史學著作往往比官修的史學著作還受人記住,原因在於何?其實就在於他們這些作者都有病,寫的都很有自己的特色與個性,所以有其存在的必要,更有其參考的價值,像「史記」就是由一位受過宮刑的作者司馬遷所寫的,大家可能要問了司馬遷病在哪裡?他很正常啊!沒看過史記的人可能覺得他很正常,但只要有看過史記的人應該就會了解小編我在說什麼了,小編我在他的著作史記中發現他的宮刑經歷真的影響他的心裡很深,使得他非常的仇恨漢武帝,乃至對整個中國都非常的恐懼,所以他把漢武帝寫成一位昏君、他把中國通西域寫成殖民掠奪、他把伯夷寫成君子,更幫韓非子喊冤,這都是沒受過這種宮刑的人寫不出來的東西;除了史記外,左傳也是,左傳的作者是左丘明,左丘明雙目失明什麼都看不到,因為如此他能用他豐富的想像力,而不被現實的視覺樣貌所綁住,使得他在幫平直無味的春秋作傳時能寫的這麼精彩;左傳外,漢書也榜上有名,漢書的作者是班固,班固他是個「極度崇拜偶像症」病患,他把一位平凡的書生,只因是他的偶像,就把他寫成了當代一流明星,超奇耙的(這位書生名叫董仲舒);寫春秋的孔子也是,孔子他是「嚴重追逐事業失意症」病患,因為追逐事業的失意使得他把各國都寫的禮崩樂壞很需要他拯救的樣子。

「病」這種東西不該是人的缺點,反而該是人的優點,班固有「極度崇拜偶像症」他超自豪的,你看誰能把一個平凡書生升格為當代一流明星,小編我看也只有他能做到了,孔子有「嚴重追逐事業失意症」雖然是有些憂鬱啦!但因為這憂鬱把各國都寫成需要他不可,其實也夠奇耙的。
一位寫史的人必不可少的原素是,第一要有病,第二要把自身的病與古人融合,寫史書不是寫出真實,更不是寫出別人,而是寫出自己,唯有從史書寫出自己的人才能真正體會什麼是歷史?什麼是人性?並且被後人記住,因為唯有「知己」,才會「知彼」。


英文翻譯

A good history book, to be written by a sick person, has a taste, why? Because the world that sick people see is very rich in their own subjective emotions and thoughts, and has imagination, and history books need this, because if the history of writing is too objective and similar to other historical works, it will make history books lose their history. The reference value is then forgotten by the world, and if it is written by a normal person, it will lose its value of existence, why? Because often the normal person is very normal in his heart, and this will lead to the value of this normal person is a secular flow, placed elsewhere, this may be an advantage, but in history, this is The shortcoming is that history is about characteristics and individuality. Only those who are not normal can be promoted.
The early works of history in China were all self-cultivated, that is, they wrote themselves, and this historical work of private practice is often remembered more than the historical works of official revision. What is the reason? In fact, these authors are sick. They all have their own characteristics and individuality, so they have their own existence and have more reference value. For example, "Historical Records" was written by Sima Qian, a court-stricken author. You may have to ask Sima Qian. Where? He is normal! People who haven’t read his historical records may think that he is normal, but anyone who has read his historical records should know what I’m talking about, Xiaobian I’m writing in his book. Shi Jizhong found that his palace experience really affected his heart, and his heart was filled with deep hatred and fear to the whole of China, so he wrote Han Wudi as a faint king, he took China Tongxi domain was written as a colonial plunder, he wrote Bo Yi as a gentleman, and even helped Han Feizi to scream. This is something that people who have not received such a sentence can't write; except for Shi Ji, Zuo Chuan is also the author of Zuo Chuan is Zuo Qiuming. Zuo Qiu Ming’s blindness can’t be seen, because he can use his rich imagination instead of being bound by the reality of the visual appearance, so that he can write so wonderfully when he helps the straight and boring spring and autumn. Zuo Chuan, Han Shu is also on the list, the author of Han Shu is Ban Gu, Ban Gu He is a patient of "extreme worship idol disease", he put an ordinary scholar, because of his idol, he wrote him as a contemporary The first-class star, super strange (the name of the scholar is Dong Zhongshu); Confucius who wrote the Spring and Autumn Period is also Confucius, he is a patient who is "seriously chasing career disappointment", because the frustration of chasing his career makes him write the ceremony of the country. Badness needs him to be saved.
"Sickness" should not be a human shortcoming. Instead, it should be a human advantage. The class is inherently "extremely worshipping idols." He is super proud. You see who can upgrade an ordinary scholar to a contemporary first-class star. Only he can do it. Confucius has a "serious pursuit of career disappointment" although it is somewhat melancholy! But because this melancholy writes all countries to be in need of him, it is actually amazing.
The essential element of a person who writes history is that the first is to be ill, and the second is to integrate his own disease with the ancients. Writing a history book is not about writing truth, but writing others, but writing yourself. Only those who have written their own history can truly understand what is history? What is human nature? It is remembered by future generations, because only "confidence" will "know oneself."




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